D-25Verbal ReasoningSun 16 Aug

Analogies (A is to B as…)

Relation first — not “similar sounding” words.

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Analogy questions look like A is to B as C is to ? (sometimes written A : B :: C : ?). Your job is not to find a word that “goes with” C — it is to find the same relationship that links A to B, then apply it to C.

Picture it: match the link

birdnestbeehive::::lives in / homeA is to B as C is to D
  • First pair → name the relationship in a short phrase
  • Second pair → apply that same phrase to C
  • If two answers almost work, keep the tightest link (most exact)

Coach tip: say it as a sentence — “A bird lives in a nest, so a bee lives in a …” — before looking at the options.

Remember — the method

  1. Ignore C for a moment. What is the link from A → B?
  2. Check the type: type of, part of, opposite, degree (stronger/weaker), function (used for)…
  3. Apply that exact link to C and predict the missing word.
  4. Only then scan the options — don’t let a similar-sounding word pull you off course.

Common relationship types

Type / category

robin : bird · carrot : vegetable

Part of / whole

petal : flower · wheel : car

Opposite

hot : cold · arrive : depart

Degree / function

warm : hot · knife : cut · pen : write

Naming the type first stops you grabbing the first word that “feels related.”

Exam trap

Options often include a word that sounds like C, or belongs in the same topic as A and B, but does not keep the same relationship. Another trap: two possible links — always pick the tightest one.

✓ Same relationship

finger : hand :: toe : foot

part → whole (body)

✗ Topic cousin / sound-alike

finger : hand :: toe : sock or toe rhyme traps

Related idea — wrong link

Question patterns you might see

Same skill, harder outfits — from clear pairs to competing relationships.

  1. 1 · Simple — Type of

    “Sparrow is to bird as salmon is to …?” Name the category link, then apply it.

    sparrowbirdsalmonfish::::type of / belongs toA is to B as C is to D
  2. 2 · Simple — Part of

    “Page is to book as chapter is to …?” (Often novel or story — part → whole again.)

    pagebookbrickwall::::part of a wholeA is to B as C is to D
  3. 3 · Medium — Opposite

    “Empty is to full as quiet is to …?” Don’t pick a synonym of quiet — you need the opposite pair.

    emptyfullquietloud
  4. 4 · Medium — Function / used for

    “Brush is to paint as scissors are to …?” The link is tool → action, not “things you find in a craft box.”

    brushpaintscissorscut::::tool → what it doesA is to B as C is to D
  5. 5 · Trickier — Degree (weaker → stronger)

    “Warm is to hot as cool is to …?” Same step up in intensity — often cold or freezing, depending on the option set. Match the size of the jump.

    warmhothotter still?coolcoldfreezingSame size of ‘step up’ on both sides
  6. 6 · Trickier — Similar-sounding distractors

    “Flour is to bread as milk is to …?” A trap option might be mill (sounds near flour) or cow (linked to milk). The tight link is ingredient → product.

    ✓ Tight link

    flour : bread :: milk : butter / cheese / yoghurt

    ✗ Sound / topic trap

    mill · cow · farm · white

  7. 7 · Trickiest — Two possible relations

    “Doctor is to hospital as teacher is to …?” Both school and classroomrelate — but the first pair is person → workplace building, so school is tighter than “any place learning happens.”

    Test: rewrite as “A works in a B.”

    Doctor works in a hospital → teacher works in a school.

    If an option needs a looser rewrite, drop it.

Coach tip: cover the options, invent the missing word yourself, then uncover. Matching your prediction beats shopping among tempting distractors.

Tomorrow (D-24): rotation vs reflection.

Next step

Practice locks the idea in. WhatsApp delivers tomorrow’s tip to your phone — same group as mock updates.